Internal combustion engine



J 13, 1937. V H LU 2,086,981

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed July 24; 1936 caM om l /6' H-Kluq ZZZ 4%;

Patented July 13, 1937 PA'ENT 1 Claim.

This invention appertains to internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a novel piston construction therefore and is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 643,737,

5 filed November 19, 1932.

Engineers and other persons specializing in engines have all realized that a high compression engine is the one in which the best results can be obtained, and one that will function the most desirably under varying conditions. V fhile practically all the present day engines are of the high compression type, themost desirable results have not been obtained with engines of the overhead valvearrangement. Possibly this is caused by the fact that the valves are disposed in a combustion chamber in the cylinder head, and that the piston does not ride into said chamber in close proximity to the valves to bring about the desired high compression.

It is, therefore, one of the primary objects of my invention to provide novel means for increasing the efficiency of an overhead valve internal combustion engine by providing means --whereby the high compression of the fuel charge in the combustion chamber is insured.

Another salient object of my invention is to provide an overhead valve engine having a piston provided with an extension for riding into the combustion chamber, the extension on the piston being of such formation and so disposed that the fuel charge will be highly compressed directly under the intake valve and be. caused to flow in a turbulent manner under the exhaust valve and spark plug, whereby not only will the gases be compressed to a great degree, but the firing of the charge will be insured.

In some engines of the L-head type, it has been proposed to form projections on the pistons. However, to my knowledge, this construction of 4,0 piston has not brought about the. desired results, and in some instances the shape and position of the projection instead of resulting in an advantage have been a detriment, in that the piston extensions act in the nature of a gate valve over the ports of the engine, preventing the free entrance of the fuel charge and the free exit of the spent gases.

A further important object of my invention is the provision of novel means for arranging the piston relative to the wrist-pin and crank shaft, whereby the projection on the piston will be at right angles to the wristpin, whereby when the firing of the charge takes place and acts on the projection, the piston will not be canted on the wrist-pin.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a novel piston construction for internal combustion engines of the. overhead valve type, which will be durable and efiicicnt in use, one that will be simple and to manufacture, and

one which can be placed upon the market and incorporated with a standard engine at a low cost.

With these and other objects in View, the. invention consists in the novel construction, arrangement, and formation of parts, as will be hereinafter more specifically described, claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure l is a fragmentary, top plan view of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, with my improved piston mount-ed therein, parts of the cylinder being shown broken away and in section, the cylinder head being shown removed.

Figure 2 is a bottom plan view of the cylinder head.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through a cylinder, with my piston mounted therein, showing the arrangement of the piston relative to the crank shaft.

Figure 4 is an enlarged, detail side elevation of the piston, with parts thereof broken away and in section, illustrating the novel means for mounting the piston on the wrist-pin.

Referring to the drawing in detail, wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, the letter A indicates a fragment of an internal combustion engine of the. overhead valve type, embodying a cylinder 55 having a cylinder head 6. The cylinder head ii carries theintake and exhaust valves 7 and 8, respectivelyfor controlling the flow of the fuel charge into the cylinder and the exit of the; products of combustion from the cylinder. ranged in the cylinder head adjacent to the exhaust valve 8.

In accordance with the usual practice, a piston H is reciprocally mounted within the cylinder 5.

To provide means whereby the gases will be highly compressed, and whereby a turbulence will be created in the combustion chamber around the spark plug, I provide a substantially semi-circular extension or projection i2 on the top of the piston l i. This projection l2 has a beveled face it which extends substantially diametrically across the top of the piston. This face and the arrangement of the projection or extension l2 form a salient feature of the present invention, and it is to be noted that the projection l2 and As shown, a spark plug 9 is arthe face l3 occupy more than one-half of the entire area of the piston top, and that this projection is so disposed as to ride directly under the intake valve 7 and into the combustion chamber in close proximity to said intake valve when the piston is at the top end of its stroke. The inclined or beveled face l3 faces the exhaust valve 8, for a purpose which will now be described.

In operation of my improved device, after the fuel intake stroke of the piston and the charge have been brought into the cylinder, the piston ll starts its compression stroke toward the cylinder head. The projection l2 will ride into the combustion chamber and into close proximity with the intake valve 1. This will efliciently bring about the high compression of the fuel oil charge, and the projection with the face l3 functions to direct the compressed gases toward and under the exhaust valve 8. The inclined face it will create a turbulence of the gases around the plug 9, so that when the plug fires the explosion of the charge is insured.

I lay particular stress on the arrangement of the projection 32 relative to the wrist-pin Hi and the crank shaft i5. The Wrist-pin M is connected with. the piston H in the ordinary Way and extends diametrically across the same and carries the connecting rod it. The connecting rod i8 is in turn operatively connected with the crank shaft 55 in the ordinary manner. The projection 12 extends at right angles to the wristpin and to the crank shaft i5. Hence, the force acting on the projection l2 will be at right angles to the Wrist-pin, and the rocking or canting of the piston on the Wrist-pin will be prevented, This will effectively eliminate undue scoring of the cylinder walls and insure the proper operation of the engine at all times.

With my improved construction the piston pro- ,iection travels close to the intake valve, so that when the piston starts to travel downward, the same creates quicker suction and gives a greater amount of fuel in the cylinder than with an ordinary piston. With a one-eighth of an inch clearance between the piston projection and the intake valve, there will not be any interference between the piston and valve.

When the fuel mixture is being compressed between the projection and the intake valve, it creates a turbulence around the exhaust valve and spark plug, which, when the exhaust valve is hot, will have a tendency to cool the exhaust valve, and at the same time the fuel will be heated to a higher temperature, insuring a better firing of the fuel mixture by the spark plug, giving the motor a higher number of revolutions a minute. This will be easier on the motor and will give higher cruising speed and quicker acceleration.

From the foregoing description it can be seen that I have provided a novel and simple means for bringing about the high compression of the fuel charge in an overhead valve engine, and that such highly compressed gases are caused to flow around the spark plug to insure the proper firing of the charge.

Changes in details may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention, but what I claim as being new is:

In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a cylinder head connected with the cylinder, overhead intake and exhaust valves carried by the cylinder head, a piston reciprocally mounted in the cylinder, a wrist-pin operatively connected with the piston, a crank shaft, a connecting rod operatively connecting the wrist-pin with the crank shaft, and a substantially semicircular projection on the outer face of the piston disposed directly under the intake valve, said projection having a diametrically extending inclined face leading toward the exhaust valve for causing a turbulence of the compressed gases about said intake valve, the projection being arranged at right angles relative to the wrist-pin, as and for the purpose specified.

HARRY KLUG. 

